Première capitale de Côte d’Ivoire, la ville de Grand-Bassam est un exemple urbain colonial de la fin du xixe siècle et de la première partie du xxe siècle. Elle suit une planification par quartiers spécialisés dans le commerce, l’administration, l’habitat européen et l’habitat autochtone. Le site comprend également le village de pêcheurs africain de N’zima et des exemples d’architecture coloniale comme des maisons fonctionnelles dotées de galeries, de vérandas et de nombreux jardins. Grand-Bassam fut la capitale portuaire, économique et juridique de la Côte d’Ivoire ; elle témoigne des relations sociales complexes entre les Européens et les Africains puis du mouvement en faveur de l’indépendance. La ville, véritable poumon économique du territoire des comptoirs français du golfe de Guinée – qui a précédé la Côte d’Ivoire moderne – a attiré des populations venant de toutes les contrées d’Afrique, d’Europe et du Levant méditerranéen.

Valeur universelle exceptionnelle en anglais

Brief synthesis The historic town of Grand-Bassam is an example of a colonial town built at the end of the 19th century and during the early 20th century. It follows a planning concept based on the specialisation of quarters for commerce, administration, housing for Europeans and housing for Africans. It embodies, on the one hand, colonial architecture and town planning, based on the principles of functionalism and hygiene of the time, and adapted to climatic conditions, and, on the other hand, an village N’zima which demonstrates the permanency of indigenous cultures. Grand-Bassam was the first colonial capital, and the most important port, economic centre and legal centre of Côte d’Ivoire; it bears witness to the complex social relations between Europeans and Africans, and then to the popular movement in favour of independence. Criterion (iii): Grand-Bassam bears witness, through its well preserved urban organisation, to an important cultural tradition linked to its role as a colonial capital, an administrative centre for the former AOF (Afrique occidentale française) and a regional commercial hub. From the 1880s to the 1950s, the town brought together various African, European and Middle Eastern populations. Cohabitation between them was harmonious but at the same time conflictual. Criterion (iv): Grand-Bassam constitutes an outstanding example of rational colonial town planning, with its specialised quarters in an overall urban network in which vegetation has an important role. The colonial architecture is characterised by a sober and functional style, using principles of hygiene adapted to a tropical location. The organisation of the vernacular house in the N'zima village echoes this approach, expressing the permanency of indigenous values. Integrity The integrity of the urban fabric is generally good. The property includes sufficiently large ensembles of characteristic built structures to enable them to be well understood. However, the architectural integrity of the buildings is under threat in many cases, because of abandonment and lack of maintenance. The integrity of the urban landscape might be under threat from the pressure for property linked to beach tourism. Authenticity The authenticity of the urban fabric has been generally conserved, enabling satisfactory expression of the Outstanding Universal Value of the property. While some buildings, which are generally the public ones, have been acceptably restored and reused, the architectural integrity of a large number of buildings is often mediocre or poor, and their authenticity has in some cases been adversely affected by alterations which are not in keeping with the original design. Protection and management requirements Protection of the property and its management system are appropriate and their implementation is under way, including through the establishment of the Cultural Heritage Centre and through the overarching Building Permits Commission. However, it is essential to confirm the suspensive effect of decisions of the latter and strengthen the human and financial resources dedicated to the conservation of the property. The boundaries of the unified buffer zone should be extended around the Petit Paris embankment and the lighthouse as in the original nomination dossier.