Surtsey, située à environ 32 km au sud de la côte islandaise, est une nouvelle île volcanique créée par des éruptions qui ont eu lieu de 1963 à 1967. Protégée dès sa naissance, elle fournit au monde un laboratoire naturel tout à fait remarquable. Libre de toute interférence humaine, Surtsey est une source unique et continue d’informations sur la colonisation d’une nouvelle terre par la vie végétale et animale. Depuis qu’ils ont commencé à observer l’île, en 1964, les scientifiques ont vu l’arrivée de graines transportées par les courants marins, l’apparition de moisissures, de bactéries et de champignons. A suivi, en 1965, une première plante vasculaire, bientôt rejointe par d’autres. Dix espèces se sont établies pendant la première décennie. En 2004, on en dénombrait 60, avec 75 bryophytes, 71 lichens et 24 champignons. On a répertorié à ce jour 89 espèces d’oiseaux à Surtsey, dont 57 se reproduisent aussi ailleurs en Islande. Les 141 ha de l’île servent également d’habitat à 335 espèces d’invertébrés.

Valeur universelle exceptionnelle en anglais

Surtsey is a new island formed by volcanic eruptions in 1963-67. It has been legally protected from its birth and provides the world with a pristine natural laboratory. Free from human interference, Surtsey has produced long-term information on the colonisation process of new land by plant and animal life. Criterion (ix): Ongoing biological and ecological processes: Surtsey was born as a new volcanic island in 1963-67 and since that time has played a major role in studies of succession and colonisation. It has been the site of one of the few long term studies worldwide on primary succession, providing a unique scientific record of the process of colonisation of land by plants, animals and marine organisms. Not only is it geographically isolated, but it has been legally protected from its birth, providing the world with a pristine natural laboratory, free from human interference. Above all, because of its continuing protection, Surtsey will continue to provide invaluable data on biological colonisation long into the future. Integrity The property includes the whole island and an adequate surrounding marine area, and thus all the areas that are essential for the long term conservation of the ecological processes on Surtsey. There is also a relatively small but functional marine buffer zone that is not part of the inscribed property. It is noted that part of the evolution of Surtsey is the process of coastal erosion which has already halved the area of the island and over time is predicted to remove another two thirds leaving only the most resistant core. Protection and management requirements Surtsey is a highly controlled, isolated environment and so threats are very limited. The purpose of strictly prohibiting visits to Surtsey is to ensure that colonisation by plants and animals, biotic succession and the shaping of geological formations will be as natural as possible and that human disruption will be minimised. It is prohibited to go ashore or dive by the island, to disturb the natural features, introduce organisms, minerals and soils or leave waste on the island. Nearby construction is also strictly controlled. The most significant management issue will be to retain the level of control and protection from human influence that has characterised the protective history of Surtsey. It is noted that, as an island ecosystem, there is the potential for human disturbance and pollution from a very wide area. Contingency planning, for example for oil spills, is required for the property and its wider surroundings. Given the lack of access a creative and positive approach to presenting the property will be required to ensure that visitors are able to appreciate, but not disturb, its values.