Sites Added in 2016

Ennedi 高地：自然和文化景观

Chad

砂岩结构的Ennedi 高地位于乍得的东北部，长年的风力和水力侵蚀将这里塑造成以峡谷和河谷为特征的高原，呈现出壮观的峭壁、石拱和岩钉景观。在这些巨大的峡谷中，水的长久存在对于支撑高地的生态系统，繁育植物群和苔藓群，以及保障人类生活，发挥着极其重要的作用。在洞穴、峡谷、居所的岩石上绘制着或雕刻着数以千计的图画，展示着撒哈拉地区最大规模的岩画艺术。

Sanganeb国家海洋公园和Dungonab海湾—Mukkawar岛国家海洋公园

Sudan

这片遗产地由两个独立单元构成，Sanganeb位于苏丹海岸以外25公里，是红海中部一座孤立的珊瑚礁和唯一的环状珊瑚岛；另外一部分是位于苏丹港北部125公里的Dungonab海湾和Mukkawar岛，这里有非常多样的珊瑚礁、红树林、海草床、沙滩和小岛构成的生态系统，为海鸟、海洋哺乳动物、鱼类、鲨鱼、海龟及巨蝠鲼提供了栖息地。全世界很大一部分儒艮都在Dungonab海湾栖息。

伊拉克南部Ahwar：生态多样性避难所和美索不达米亚城市遗迹景观

Iraq

位于伊拉克南部的Ahwar遗产地由七部分组成：三处考古遗址和四处湿地沼泽。Uruk和Ur的城市考古遗址和Tell Eridu考古遗址构成了美索不达米亚平原南部苏美尔文明的城市和聚居地遗迹，这一文明于公元前2000-3000年间在底格里斯河和幼发拉底河湿地三角洲地区兴盛。伊拉克南部Ahwar—也叫伊拉克沼泽十分独特，是极度炎热和干燥环境下世界上最大的内陆三角洲系统，。

那烂陀寺考古遗址（那烂陀大学），比哈尔邦那烂陀

India

那烂陀寺遗址位于印度东北部的巴哈尔邦。遗址由公元前3世纪至公元13世纪存在于此的寺庙和佛学院遗留下的古迹组成，包括窣堵坡（坟冢），舍利塔，寺庙（僧房学舍），以及重要的墙画、石刻、金属器物等艺术作品。那烂陀作为印度次大陆上最古老的大学而引人注目，其作为有序的知识传递场所存续长达800年，发展的历史见证了佛学宗教化的过程，以及寺院和教育传统的繁荣。

湖北神农架

China

神农架位于中国中东部湖北省。这处遗产地由两部分构成：西边的神农顶/巴东和东边的老君山。这里有中国中部地区最大的原始森林，是中国大蝾螈、川金丝猴、云豹、金钱豹、亚洲黑熊等许多珍稀动物的栖息地。湖北神农架是中国三大生物多样性中心之一，在19和20世纪期间曾是国际植物收集探险活动的目的地，在植物学研究史上占据重要地位。

Khangchendzonga National Park

India

Located at the heart of the Himalayan range in northern India (State of Sikkim), the Khangchendzonga National Park includes a unique diversity of plains, valleys, lakes, glaciers and spectacular, snow-capped mountains covered with ancient forests, including the world’s third highest peak, Mount Khangchendzonga. Mythological stories are associated with this mountain and with a great number of natural elements (caves, rivers, lakes, etc.) that are the object of worship by the indigenous people of Sikkim. The sacred meanings of these stories and practices have been integrated with Buddhist beliefs and constitute the basis for Sikkimese identity.

卢特沙漠

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

又名Dasht-e-Lut，位于伊朗东南部。在六月至十月间，这一亚热带潮湿地区经常有大风，使沉积物输送堆积，造就了大范围的风蚀景观，呈现出极为壮观的风蚀雅丹地貌（大规模起伏的垄脊），还有广袤的石漠和沙丘。这处遗产地代表了一种典型地质过程。

南马都尔：东密克罗尼西亚庆典中心

Micronesia (Federated States of)

南马都尔位于波纳佩岛的海岸沿线，由多达100座人工建造的岛构成，建岛材料是玄武岩石块和珊瑚块。岛上承载着诸多宫殿、寺庙、陵墓和石筑居所残迹，建成时间约在公元1200-1500年间，时值太平洋岛屿文化活跃的时期，这些遗迹正是绍德雷尔王朝的庆典中心。这处遗址建造规模之大、技艺之精湛，巨石建筑之密集，都展示了那个时代繁复的岛屿社会民间风俗和宗教仪式。

波斯坎儿井

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

在伊朗干旱的地区，坎儿井这一古老水利系统的支持使得农业和定居成为可能。坎儿井利用重力，将上游河谷的水通过长达数千米的地下暗渠引到下游。构成这个水利系统的不仅有组成这一遗产地的11条坎儿井，还有工人休息区，小水库以及水磨坊。时至今日仍在实行的传统管理方式，使当地得以可持续地平均分配和共享水源。坎儿井是干旱气候下沙漠地带传统文化和文明的独特证明。

西部天山

Kyrgyzstan,Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan

这处跨国境遗产地位于世界上最大的山脉之一，天山山脉。西部天山位于海拔700米至4503米地带，地貌多样，生物种群极其丰富。这里不仅以多种水果作物的发源地而拥有世界性的重要地位，而且还拥有多样的森林类型和独特的植物群落体系。

左江花山岩画文化景观

China

花山岩画位于中国西南边陲地区的陡峭岩壁上。这38处岩画展现的是骆越族人生活和宗教仪式的场景，这些绘制年代可追溯至公元前5世纪至公元2世纪的岩画与其依存的喀斯特地貌、河流和台地一起，使人得以一窥过去在中国南方盛行一时的青铜鼓文化仪式的原貌。这一文化景观如今是这种文化曾经存在的唯一见证。

Antequera Dolmens Site

Spain

Located at the heart of Andalusia in southern Spain, the site comprises three megalithic monuments: the Menga and Viera dolmens and the Tholos of El Romeral, and two natural monuments: La Peña de los Enamorados and El Torcal mountainous formations, which are landmarks within the property. Built during the Neolithic and Bronze Age out of large stone blocks, these monuments form chambers with lintelled roofs or false cupolas. These three tombs, buried beneath their original earth tumuli, are one of the most remarkable architectural works of European prehistory and one of the most important examples of European Megalithism.

Archaeological Site of Ani

Türkiye

This site is located on a secluded plateau of northeast Turkey overlooking a ravine that forms a natural border with Armenia. This medieval city combines residential, religious and military structures, characteristic of a medieval urbanism built up over the centuries by Christian and then Muslim dynasties. The city flourished in the 10th and 11th centuries CE when it became the capital of the medieval Armenian kingdom of the Bagratides and profited from control of one branch of the Silk Road. Later, under Byzantine, Seljuk and Georgian sovereignty, it maintained its status as an important crossroads for merchant caravans. The Mongol invasion and a devastating earthquake in 1319 marked the beginning of the city’s decline. The site presents a comprehensive overview of the evolution of medieval architecture through examples of almost all the different architectural innovations of the region between the 7th and 13th centuries CE.

Archaeological Site of Philippi

Greece

The remains of this walled city lie at the foot of an acropolis in north-eastern Greece, on the ancient route linking Europe and Asia, the Via Egnatia. Founded in 356 BC by the Macedonian King Philip II, the city developed as a “small Rome” with the establishment of the Roman Empire in the decades following the Battle of Philippi, in 42 BCE. The vibrant Hellenistic city of Philip II, of which the walls and their gates, the theatre and the funerary heroon (temple) are to be seen, was supplemented with Roman public buildings such as the Forum and a monumental terrace with temples to its north. Later the city became a centre of the Christian faith following the visit of the Apostle Paul in 49-50 CE. The remains of its basilicas constitute an exceptional testimony to the early establishment of Christianity.

Gorham's Cave Complex

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The steep limestone cliffs on the eastern side of the Rock of Gibraltar contain four caves with archaeological and paleontological deposits that provide evidence of Neanderthal occupation over a span of more than 100,000 years. This exceptional testimony to the cultural traditions of the Neanderthals is seen notably in evidence of the hunting of birds and marine animals for food, the use of feathers for ornamentation and the presence of abstract rock engravings. Scientific research on these sites has already contributed substantially to debates about Neanderthal and human evolution.

迷斯塔肯角

Canada

这处化石遗址位于加拿大东部纽芬兰岛的东南尽头，是一处长达17公里的狭长地带，有崎岖的沿海峭壁地貌。这片世界上已知最古老的大型化石群可追溯至震旦纪（5亿6千万-5亿8千万年前），勾画出地球生命演化史中一个极端重要的转折：微生物主导进化30亿年后，更大、更复杂的生命体开始出现。

Stećci Medieval Tombstone Graveyards

Serbia,Croatia,Montenegro,Bosnia and Herzegovina

This serial property combines 28 sites, located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, western Serbia, western Montenegro and central and southern Croatia, representing these cemeteries and regionally distinctive medieval tombstones, or stećci. The cemeteries, which date from the 12th to 16th centuries CE, are laid out in rows, as was the common custom in Europe from the Middle Ages. The stećci are mostly carved from limestone. They feature a wide range of decorative motifs and inscriptions that represent iconographic continuities within medieval Europe as well as locally distinctive traditions.

Antigua Naval Dockyard and Related Archaeological Sites

Antigua and Barbuda

The site consists of a group of Georgian-style naval buildings and structures, set within a walled enclosure. The natural environment of this side of the island of Antigua, with its deep, narrow bays surrounded by highlands, offered shelter from hurricanes and was ideal for repairing ships. The construction of the Dockyard by the British navy would not have been possible without the labour of generations of enslaved Africans since the end of the 18th century. Its aim was to protect the interests of sugar cane planters at a time when European powers were competing for control of the Eastern Caribbean.

Revillagigedo群岛

Mexico

这片群岛位于太平洋东部，由四座岛屿及其周边水域组成：圣贝内迪克托、索科罗、罗卡帕蒂达和克拉里翁岛。群岛是海底山脉的组成部分，露出水面的海底火山顶就是岛屿。群岛为海鸟等许多野生物种提供了重要的栖息地。岛屿周边水域中生活着巨型鬼蝠鲼、鲸鱼、海豚和鲨鱼等丰富多样的大型浅水物种。

Pampulha Modern Ensemble

Brazil

The Pampulha Modern Ensemble was the centre of a visionary garden city project created in 1940 at Belo Horizonte, the capital of Minas Gerais State. Designed around an artificial lake, this cultural and leisure centre included a casino, a ballroom, the Golf Yacht Club and the São Francisco de Assis church. The buildings were designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer, in collaboration with innovative artists. The Ensemble comprises bold forms that exploit the plastic potential of concrete, while fusing architecture, landscape design, sculpture and painting into a harmonious whole. It reflects the influence of local traditions, the Brazilian climate and natural surroundings on the principles of modern architecture.

The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement

India,Japan,France,Belgium,Switzerland,Argentina,Germany

Chosen from the work of Le Corbusier, the 17 sites comprising this transnational serial property are spread over seven countries and are a testimonial to the invention of a new architectural language that made a break with the past. They were built over a period of a half-century, in the course of what Le Corbusier described as “patient research”. The Complexe du Capitole in Chandigarh (India), the National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo (Japan), the House of Dr Curutchet in La Plata (Argentina) and the Unité d’habitation in Marseille (France) reflect the solutions that the Modern Movement sought to apply during the 20th century to the challenges of inventing new architectural techniques to respond to the needs of society. These masterpieces of creative genius also attest to the internationalization of architectural practice across the planet.